Metabolic pathway to genes

Genes assigned in the pathway

Query pathway ID 00520
Pathway name Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
Organism Arabidopsis_thaliana
Database KEGG PATHWAY

Click Gene ID to show a list of co-expressed genes.

Gene ID Repr. ID Gene name Functional description O.I. H.G. Other DB
At1g02000839289GAE2 (UDP-D-GLUCURONATE 4-EPIMERASE 2)UDP-D-glucuronate 4-epimeraseO.I.H.G.
At1g05590837064HEXO2 (BETA-HEXOSAMINIDASE 2)Encodes a protein with β-hexosaminidase activity (the enzyme is active with p-nitrophenyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide as substrate but displayed only a minor activity toward p-nitrophenyl-β-N-acetylgalactosaminide). Chitotriose-PA was digested almost completely overnight by a 50% ammonium sulfate fraction of a supernatant yeast expressing AtHEX3.O.I.H.G.
At1g05610837066APS2 (ADP-glucose pyrophoshorylase small subunit 2)Encodes the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. The small subunit is the catalytic isoform responsible for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. The presence of the small subunit is required for large subunit stability. Two isoforms of the small subunit (ApS1 and ApS2) have been described. ApS2 is a minor small subunit isoform present in all plant tissues tested.O.I.H.G.
At1g06030837112pfkB-type carbohydrate kinase family proteinF:kinase activity, ribokinase activity;P:D-ribose metabolic process, acetate fermentation, sucrose biosynthetic process, sucrose catabolic process, using beta-fructofuranosidase;C:unknown;BOPAMFO.I.H.G.
At1g08200837341AXS2 (UDP-D-APIOSE/UDP-D-XYLOSE SYNTHASE 2)Encodes a putative UDP-D-apiose/UPD-D-xylose synthetase.O.I.H.G.
At1g12780837834UGE1 (UDP-D-glucose/UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase 1)Encodes a UDP-glucose epimerase that catalyzes the interconversion of the sugar nucleotides UDP-glucose UDP-galactose via a UDP-4-keto-hexose intermediate. Responsive to stress.O.I.H.G.
At1g17890838368GER2F:coenzyme binding, binding, catalytic activity;P:GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process, cellular metabolic process, metabolic process;C:cellular_component unknown;BOPMAFVO.I.H.G.
At1g23190838927phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic, putative / glucose phosphomutase, putativeF:intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases, magnesium ion binding, phosphoglucomutase activity;P:response to cadmium ion, carbohydrate metabolic process;C:cytosol, nucleus, plasma membrane, chloroplast, cytoplasm;BOMFPAO.I.H.G.
At1g26570839197UGD1 (UDP-GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE 1)F:in 7 functions;P:metabolic process;C:endomembrane system;OBAMPFVO.I.H.G.
At1g27680839660APL2 (ADPGLC-PPASE LARGE SUBUNIT)ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase catalyzes the first, rate limiting step in starch biosynthesis. The large subunit plays a regulatory role whereas the small subunit (ApS) is the catalytic isoform. Four isoforms of the large subunit (ApL1-4) have been described.Mutational analysis of APS1 suggests that APL1 and APL2 can compensate for loss of APS1 catalytic activity,suggesting both have catalytic as well as regulatory functions.O.I.H.G.
At1g30620839942MUR4 (MURUS 4)encodes a type-II membrane protein that catalyzes 4-epimerization of UDP-D-Xylose to UDP-L-Arabinose in vitro, the nucleotide sugar used by glycosyltransferases in the arabinosylation of cell wall polysaccharides and wall-resident proteoglycans.O.I.H.G.
At1g31070839993UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase-relatedF:nucleotidyltransferase activity;P:peptidoglycan biosynthetic process, metabolic process, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic process;C:plasma membrane;MBFPOO.I.H.G.
At1g47840841200HXK3 (HEXOKINASE 3)Encodes a putative hexokinase.O.I.H.G.
At1g53500841785MUM4 (MUCILAGE-MODIFIED 4)encodes a putative NDP-L-rhamnose synthase, an enzyme required for the synthesis of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I, the major component of Arabidopsis mucilage. Gene is involved in seed coat mucilage cell development. Mutant analyses suggest that MUM4 is required for complete mucilage synthesis, cytoplasmic rearrangement and seed coat development.O.I.H.G.
At1g63000842603NRS/ER (NUCLEOTIDE-RHAMNOSE SYNTHASE/EPIMERASE-REDUCTASE)F:UDP-4-keto-rhamnose-4-keto-reductase activity, dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase activity, UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-glucose-3,5-epimerase activity, dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase activity;P:dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process, UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process;C:soluble fraction, plasma membrane;BOPAFMVO.I.H.G.
At1g63180842622UGE3 (UDP-D-glucose/UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase 3)Encodes a protein with UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase activity. Involved in pollen development.O.I.H.G.
At1g64440842752RHD1 (ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 1)Encodes a protein with UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase activity. Mutants in RHD1 have abnormally shaped root hairs with a bulbous region at the base. Allelic to REB1 encoding a UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase involved in cell wall biosynthesis.Involved in growth and cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis.O.I.H.G.
At1g65590842871HEXO3 (BETA-HEXOSAMINIDASE 3)Encodes a protein with beta-hexosaminidase activity. Located on the plasma membrane.O.I.H.G.
At1g66430842961pfkB-type carbohydrate kinase family proteinF:kinase activity, ribokinase activity;P:D-ribose metabolic process, acetate fermentation, sucrose biosynthetic process, sucrose catabolic process, using beta-fructofuranosidase;C:chloroplast, chloroplast stroma;BOPAMFO.I.H.G.
At1g67070843027DIN9 (DARK INDUCIBLE 9)Encodes a protein with phosphomannose isomerase activity that is involved in synthesis of ascorbic acid. Expression is induced after 24 hours of dark treatment, in senescing leaves and treatment with exogenous photosynthesis inhibitor. Induction of gene expression was suppressed in excised leaves supplied with sugar. The authors suggest that the gene's expression pattern is responding to the level of sugar in the cell.O.I.H.G.
At1g70730843410phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic, putative / glucose phosphomutase, putativeF:intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases, magnesium ion binding, phosphoglucomutase activity;P:response to cadmium ion, carbohydrate metabolic process;C:cytosol, nucleus, plasma membrane;BOMFPAO.I.H.G.
At1g73250843659GER1 (GDP-4-KETO-6-DEOXYMANNOSE-3,5-EPIMERASE-4-REDUCTASE 1)encodes a bifunctional 3, 5-epimerase-4-reductase in L-fucose synthesis and converts GDP-D-mannose to GDP-L-fucose in vitro along with MUR1 (GDP-D-mannose 4,6-dehydratase). It is expressed in all tissues examined, but most abundantly in roots and flowers.O.I.H.G.
At1g78570844193RHM1 (RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1)Encodes a UDP-L-Rhamnose synthase involved in the biosynthesis of rhamnose, a major monosaccharide component of pectin. Catalyzes the conversion of UDP-D-Glc to UDP-L-Rha. The dehydrogenase domain of RHM1 was shown to catalyze the conversion of UDP-D-Glc to the reaction intermediate UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-Glc using recombinant protein assay but the activity of the full-length protein was not determined as it could not be expressed in E. coli.O.I.H.G.
At2g19860816505HXK2 (HEXOKINASE 2)Encodes a protein with hexokinase activity (AtHXK2) and acts as a sensor for plant sugar responses.O.I.H.G.
At2g27860817332AXS1 (UDP-D-apiose/UDP-D-xylose synthase 1)Encodes UDP-d-apiose/UDP-d-xylose synthase that requires NAD+ for enzymatic activity and is strongly inhibited by UDP-d-galacturonate.O.I.H.G.
At2g31390817697pfkB-type carbohydrate kinase family proteinF:kinase activity, ribokinase activity;P:D-ribose metabolic process, acetate fermentation, sucrose biosynthetic process, sucrose catabolic process, using beta-fructofuranosidase;C:plasma membrane;BOPAMFO.I.H.G.
At2g34850818050MEE25 (maternal effect embryo arrest 25)F:coenzyme binding, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity, binding, catalytic activity;P:embryonic development ending in seed dormancy, pollen tube development, nucleotide-sugar metabolic process;C:cellular_component unknown;BOPMAFVO.I.H.G.
At2g39770818562CYT1 (CYTOKINESIS DEFECTIVE 1)Encodes a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase/ mannose-1-pyrophosphatase. This enzyme provides GDP-mannose, which is used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis and protein glycosylation as well as for ascorbate (vitamin C) biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene confer hypersensitivity to NH4+.O.I.H.G.
At2g45310819139GAE4 (UDP-D-GLUCURONATE 4-EPIMERASE 4)UDP-D-glucuronate 4-epimeraseO.I.H.G.
At2g45790819187PMM (PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE)encodes a phosphomannomutase, involved in ascorbate biosynthesisO.I.H.G.
At3g02570820656MEE31 (MATERNAL EFFECT EMBRYO ARREST 31)Encodes a protein with phosphomannose isomerase activity.O.I.H.G.
At3g06580819837GALKEncodes a protein with galactose kinase activity. The gene was shown to complement the yeast Δgal1 mutant defective in the galactokinase gene GAL1.O.I.H.G.
At3g10700820239GHMP kinase family proteinEncodes a GHMP kinase family protein. Based on gene trap line GT8007, the gene appears to be expressed in a petal and stamen-specific manner, between flower stages 8 to 11.O.I.H.G.
At3g12500820429ATHCHIB (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA BASIC CHITINASE)encodes a basic chitinase involved in ethylene/jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway during systemic acquired resistance based on expression analyses.O.I.H.G.
At3g14790820707RHM3 (RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 3)F:UDP-L-rhamnose synthase activity, catalytic activity;P:UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process, nucleotide-sugar metabolic process;C:soluble fraction;OBMPAFVO.I.H.G.
At3g23820821965GAE6 (UDP-D-GLUCURONATE 4-EPIMERASE 6)UDP-D-glucuronate 4-epimeraseO.I.H.G.
At3g24090821995glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing)/ sugar binding / transaminaseF:sugar binding, transaminase activity, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity;P:carbohydrate biosynthetic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, metabolic process;C:cytoplasm;OBMAFPVO.I.H.G.
At3g29360822594UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase, putativeF:in 6 functions;P:metabolic process;C:cytosol, nucleus;OBAMPFVO.I.H.G.
At3g51160824280MUR1 (MURUS 1)Catalyzes the first step in the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose.O.I.H.G.
At3g54420824608ATEP3encodes an EP3 chitinase that is expressed during somatic embryogenesis in 'nursing' cells surrounding the embryos but not in embryos themselves. The gene is also expressed in mature pollen and growing pollen tubes until they enter the receptive synergid, but not in endosperm and integuments as in carrot. Post-embryonically, expression is found in hydathodes, stipules, root epidermis and emerging root hairs.O.I.H.G.
At3g55260824692HEXO1 (BETA-HEXOSAMINIDASE 1)Encodes a protein with β-hexosaminidase activity (the enzyme is active with p-nitrophenyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide as substrate but displayed only a minor activity toward p-nitrophenyl-β-N-acetylgalactosaminide). The enzyme displays no distinct preference for a specific terminal GlcNAc residue and indeed cleaved the asialoagalactodabsylglycopeptide GnGn to a mixture of products.O.I.H.G.
At3g55590824724GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, putativeF:transferase activity, nucleotidyltransferase activity;P:biosynthetic process;C:unknown;BOAMPFVO.I.H.G.
At3g59480825117pfkB-type carbohydrate kinase family proteinF:kinase activity, ribokinase activity;P:D-ribose metabolic process, acetate fermentation, sucrose biosynthetic process, sucrose catabolic process, using beta-fructofuranosidase;C:cellular_component unknown;BOPAMFO.I.H.G.
At4g00110828145GAE3 (UDP-D-GLUCURONATE 4-EPIMERASE 3)Encodes a putative membrane-anchored UDP-D-glucuronate 4-epimerase.O.I.H.G.
At4g10260826617pfkB-type carbohydrate kinase family proteinF:kinase activity, ribokinase activity;P:D-ribose metabolic process, acetate fermentation, sucrose biosynthetic process, sucrose catabolic process, using beta-fructofuranosidase;C:cellular_component unknown;BOPAMFO.I.H.G.
At4g12250826833GAE5 (UDP-D-GLUCURONATE 4-EPIMERASE 5)UDP-D-glucuronate 4-epimeraseO.I.H.G.
At4g16130827299ARA1 (ARABINOSE KINASE)Similar to galactokinase.O.I.H.G.
At4g20460827794NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family proteinF:coenzyme binding, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity, binding, catalytic activity;P:galactose metabolic process, cellular metabolic process, nucleotide-sugar metabolic process, metabolic process;C:endomembrane system;BOPMAFVO.I.H.G.
At4g23920828492UGE2 (UDP-D-glucose/UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase 2)Encodes a protein with UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase activity. Involved in growth and cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis.O.I.H.G.
At4g24620828564PGI1 (PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE 1)The PGI1 gene encodes the plastid phospho-glucose (Glc) isomerase. While pgi1-1 mutant has a deficiency in leaf starch synthesis, it accumulates starch in root cap cells. Flowering time of the pgi1-1 mutant is significantly delayed under short-day conditions.O.I.H.G.
At4g29130829034HXK1 (HEXOKINASE 1)Encodes a hexokinase (HXK1) in the plant glucose-signaling network. Functions as a glucose sensor to interrelate nutrient, light, and hormone signaling networks for controlling growth and development in response to the changing environment.O.I.H.G.
At4g30440829167GAE1 (UDP-D-GLUCURONATE 4-EPIMERASE 1)UDP-D-glucuronate 4-epimeraseO.I.H.G.
At4g33030829440SQD1involved in sulfolipid biosynthesisO.I.H.G.
At4g37840829940HKL3 (HEXOKINASE-LIKE 3)Encodes a putative hexokinase.O.I.H.G.
At4g39210830076APL3Encodes the large subunit of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase which catalyzes the first, rate limiting step in starch biosynthesis. The large subunit plays a regulatory role whereas the small subunit (ApS) is the catalytic isoform. Four isoforms (ApL1-4) have been identified. ApL3 is the major large subunit isoform present in inflorescences, fruits and roots.O.I.H.G.
At5g15490831402UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase, putativeF:in 7 functions;P:metabolic process;C:cytosol, cell wall, nucleus;OBAMPFVO.I.H.G.
At5g15770831433AtGNA1 (Arabidopsis thaliana glucose-6-phosphate acetyltransferase 1)Encodes a putative glucose-6-phosphate acetyltransferase involved in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis.O.I.H.G.
At5g17310831596UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, putative / UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, putative / UGPase, putativeF:UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity, nucleotidyltransferase activity;P:response to cadmium ion, response to salt stress, metabolic process;C:plasma membrane;MBFPOO.I.H.G.
At5g17770831645ATCBR (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA NADH:CYTOCHROME B5 REDUCTASE 1)Encodes NADH:cytochrome (Cyt) b5 reductase that displayed strict specificity to NADH for the reduction of a recombinant Cyt b5 (AtB5-A), whereas no Cyt b5 reduction was observed when NADPH was used as the electron donor.O.I.H.G.
At5g18070831926DRT101 (DNA-DAMAGE-REPAIR/TOLERATION 101)encodes a novel protein involved in DNA repair from UV damage. Isolated by functional complementation of E. coli UV-sensitive mutants (UVR genes).O.I.H.G.
At5g18200831938UTP:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase/ ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferaseencodes an adenylyltransferaseO.I.H.G.
At5g19220832042APL1 (ADP GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT 1)Encodes the large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase which catalyzes the first, rate limiting step in starch biosynthesis. The large subunit plays a regulatory role whereas the small subunit (ApS) is the catalytic isoform. Four isoforms (ApL1-4) have been identified. ApL1 is the major large subunit isoform present in leaves. Mutational analysis of APS1 suggests that APL1 and APL2 can compensate for loss of APS1 catalytic activity,suggesting both have catalytic as well as regulatory functions.O.I.H.G.
At5g24090832474acidic endochitinase (CHIB1)F:cation binding, hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds, catalytic activity;P:carbohydrate metabolic process;C:endomembrane system;PFBMOO.I.H.G.
At5g28840833002GME (GDP-D-MANNOSE 3',5'-EPIMERASE)Encodes a protein with GDP-D-mannose 3',5'-epimerase activity. The enzyme is involved in ascorbate biosynthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of GDP-D-mannose to GDP-L-galactose.O.I.H.G.
At5g39320833928UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase, putativeF:in 6 functions;P:metabolic process;C:cytosol, nucleus;OBAMPFVO.I.H.G.
At5g42740834283glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, cytosolic (PGIC)F:glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity;P:response to cadmium ion, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis;C:cellular_component unknown;BOPMFAO.I.H.G.
At5g44480834475DUR (DEFECTIVE UGE IN ROOT)mutant has Altered lateral root; UDP Glucose EpimeraseO.I.H.G.
At5g48300834883ADG1 (ADP GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1)Encodes the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. The small subunit is the catalytic isoform responsible for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. The presence of the small subunit is required for large subunit stability. Two isoforms of the small subunit (ApS1 and ApS2) have been described. ApS1 is the major small subunit isoform present in all plant tissues tested.O.I.H.G.
At5g51820835257PGM (PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE)Encodes a plastid isoform of the enzyme phosphoglucomutase involved in controlling photosynthetic carbon flow. Effective petiole movement against the direction of the gravity requires functional PGM activity that is required for full development of amyloplasts.O.I.H.G.
At5g51830835258pfkB-type carbohydrate kinase family proteinF:kinase activity, ribokinase activity;P:response to cadmium ion;C:cellular_component unknown;BOPAMFO.I.H.G.
At5g52560835333ATUSP (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA UDP-SUGAR PYROPHOSPHORYLASE)Encodes a protein with UTP:sugar 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity, which has been shown to use a wide range of substrates including glucose-1-P, galactose-1-P, xylose-1-P, arabinose-1-P and glucuronate-1-P. The enzyme was shown to require Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity.O.I.H.G.
At5g66280836760GMD1 (GDP-D-MANNOSE 4,6-DEHYDRATASE 1)GDP-D-mannose 4,6-dehydrataseO.I.H.G.

Comparison with co-expressed genes



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