Expression of the CER1 gene associated with production of stem epicuticular wax and pollen fertility. Biochemical studies showed that cer1 mutants are blocked in the conversion of stem wax C30 aldehydes to C29 alkanes, and they also lack the secondary alcohols and ketones. These suggested the CER1 protein is a aldehyde decarbonylase.
One of the three genes encoding subunit A of the trimeric protein ATP Citrate Lyase. Antisense ACLA-1 plants cause a reduction in cytosolic acetyl-CoA metabolism and have upregulation of stress-related genes and down-regulation of primary metabolism and growth genes, suggesting the mutation restricts normal growth and developmental processes and puts the plant into a state of stress.
Encodes a long chain acyl-CoA synthetase that catalyzes the synthesis of omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA intermediates in the pathway to cutin synthesis. Required for repression of lateral root formation.
Encodes an ABC transporter involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Lines carrying recessive mutations in this locus have weakly glaucous stem surface, and relative elevated secondary alcohols and ketones.
Enoyl-CoA reductase is involved in all very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) elongation reactions that are required for cuticular wax, storage lipid and sphingolipid metabolism. The protein is located in the ER, but in contrast to its yeast homolog TSC13 is not particularly enriched in the nuclear envelope-vacuole junction. Mutants in this gene show abnormal organ morphology and stem glossiness. Cells in all tissues are only about 1/3 of the size of wild type cells. The morphological changes are most likely to result from the reduction in the VLCFA content of sphingolipids. Mutants also show abnormalities in the endocytic membrane organization and transport.
Encodes an alcohol-forming fatty acyl-CoA reductase, involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Lines carrying recessive mutations are deficient in primary alcohol and have glossy stem surfaces.
Encodes PROTEOLYSIS6 (PRT6), a component of the N-end rule pathway that targets protein degradation through the identity of the amino-terminal residue of specific protein substrates. Another component of the N-end rule pathway is arginyl-tRNA:protein arginyltransferase (ATE). Arabidopsis contains two ATE genes: At5g05700/ATE1, At3g11240/ATE2. PRT6 and ATE were shown to regulate seed after-ripening, seedling sugar sensitivity, seedling lipid breakdown, and abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity of germination.
Encodes a bifunctional enzyme, wax ester synthase (WS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). In vitro assay indicated a ratio of 10.9 between its WS and DGAT activities. Both mutant and in vivo expression/analysis in yeast studies indicated a role in wax biosynthesis.
encodes a transmembrane protein with similarity to the sterol desaturase family at the N-terminus and to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family at the C-terminus. Mutant analyses indicate this protein is involved in cuticle membrane and wax biosynthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
