A member of a large family of seven-transmembrane domain proteins specific to plants, homologs of the barley mildew resistance locus o (MLO) protein. The Arabidopsis genome contains 15 genes encoding MLO proteins, with localization in plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four clades of closely-related AtMLO genes. ATMLO2 belongs to the clade IV, with AtMLO3, AtMLO6 and AtMLO12. The gene is expressed during early seedling growth, in roots, in vascular system of cotyledons and young leaves,and in fruit abscission zone; it was not expressed in anthers and pollen, as shown by GUS activity patterns. The expression of several phylogenetically closely-related AtMLO genes showed similar or overlapping tissue specificity and analogous responsiveness to external stimuli, suggesting functional redundancy, co-function, or antagonistic function(s). mlo resistance in A. thaliana does not involve the signaling molecules ethylene, jasmonic acid or salicylic acid, but requires a syntaxin, glycosyl hydrolase and ABC transporter.
Encodes a protein containing a UND, a U-box, and an ARM domain. This protein has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. It is required for cell death and full resistance specified by Arabidopsis RPM1 and RPS4 resistance proteins against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato.
ATP binding cassette transporter. Localized to the plasma membrane in uninfected cells. In infected leaves, the protein concentrated at infection sites. Contributes to nonhost resistance to inappropriate pathogens that enter by direct penetration in a salicylic acid–dependent manner. Required for mlo resistance. Has Cd transporter activity (Cd2+ extrusion pump) and contributes to heavy metal resistance.
A member of a large family of seven-transmembrane domain proteins specific to plants, homologs of the barley mildew resistance locus o (MLO) protein. The Arabidopsis genome contains 15 genes encoding MLO proteins, with localization in plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four clades of closely-related AtMLO genes. ATMLO6 belongs to the clade IV, with AtMLO2, AtMLO3 and AtMLO12. The gene is expressed during early seedling growth, in roots and lateral root primordia, in flower and fruit abscission zone, in vascular system of cotyledons, young leaves and petals, in mature rosette leaves, in anthers, as shown by GUS activity patterns. The expression of several phylogenetically closely-related AtMLO genes showed similar or overlapping tissue specificity and analogous responsiveness to external stimuli, suggesting functional redundancy, co-function, or antagonistic function(s).
A member of a large family of seven-transmembrane domain proteins specific to plants, homologs of the barley mildew resistance locus o (MLO) protein. The Arabidopsis genome contains 15 genes encoding MLO proteins, with localization in plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four clades of closely-related AtMLO genes. ATMLO6 belongs to the clade IV, with AtMLO2, AtMLO3 and AtMLO12. The gene is expressed during early seedling growth, in root tips and cotyledon vascular system, in floral organs (anthers and stigma), and in fruit abscission zone, as shown by GUS activity patterns. The expression of several phylogenetically closely-related AtMLO genes showed similar or overlapping tissue specificity and analogous responsiveness to external stimuli, suggesting functional redundancy, co-function, or antagonistic function(s).
Encodes a glycosyl hydrolase that localizes to peroxisomes and acts as a component of an inducible preinvasion resistance mechanism. Required for mlo resistance.
LysM receptor-like kinase. Essential in the perception and transduction of the chitin oligosaccharide elicitor. Involved in chitin-mediated plant innate immunity. Located in the plasma membrane.
Encodes the med21 subunit of the mediator complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation. MED21 interacts physically with the E3 ligase HUB1 and this interaction may be important in mediation defense responses to fungal pathogens.
Contains a putative nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeats. Similar to the plant resistance genes N and L6, and to the toll and interleukin-1 receptors. Confers resistance to Peronospora parasitica.
F:transmembrane receptor activity, ATP binding;P:defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction, jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, callose deposition during defense response, defense response;C:intrinsic to membrane;PMB
Encodes a ankyrin repeat BTB/POZ domain-containing protein with 36% sequence identity with NPR1. Mutants are more susceptible to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato DC3000 and to the fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum, but do not differ markedly from wild type in interaction with virulent and avirulent strains of the oomycete Peronospora parasitica. NPR4 is required for basal defense against pathogens, and may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways.
Encodes the heterotrimeric G-protein beta subunit and is involved in organ shape. A significant fraction of the protein is found in the ER. Mutants carrying null alleles express similar fruit phenotypes, as seen in er plants, but differ from er in that the stem is only slightly shorter than that in the wild type, the pedicel is slightly longer than that in the wild type, and the leaves are rounder than those in er mutants. Gene is expressed in all tissues examined, with highest expression level found in siliques. It is involved in resistance to Plectosphaerella cucumerina. The predicted protein has two DWD motifs. It can bind to DDB1a in Y2H assays and may be involved in the formation of a CUL4-based E3 ubiquitin ligase
Component of plant resistance. Contains lipase signature motif and GDSL domain. Directly interferes with the fungal infection process by acting on fungal cell walls through its action as a antimicrobial compound. Critical component for both local and systemic resistance responses in the incompatible interaction with Alternaria brassicicola in the ethylene-dependent pathway.
Encodes a paralog of NPR1. Involved in negative regulation of defense responses against bacterial and oomycete pathogens. npr3 mutants has elevated level of PR1 expression. Interacts with TGA2, TGA3, TGA5 and TGA6 in yeast two hybrid assays.
Encodes a resistance signalling protein with two zinc binding (CHORD) domains that are highly conserved across eukaryotic phyla. Mutant has reduced RPS5 and RPM1 mediated resistance. Potentially involved in transduction of R gene mediated disease resistance. Required for R protein accumulation.
Encodes a protein shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl salicylate esterase activity, and methyl IAA esterase activity in vitro. This protein does not act on methyl JA, MeGA4, or MEGA9 in vitro. MES7 appears to be involved in MeSA hydrolysis in planta. Expression of MES7 can restore systemic acquired resistance in SAR-deficient tobacco plants.
Encodes a protein shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl salicylate esterase activity, methyl jasmonate esterase activity, and methyl IAA esterase activity in vitro. MES1 appears to be involved in MeSA hydrolysis in planta. Expression of MES1 can restore systemic acquired resistance in SAR-deficient tobacco plants. This protein does not act on MeGA4, or MEGA9 in vitro.
Encodes a protein shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl salicylate esterase activity, methyl jasmonate esterase activity, and methyl IAA esterase activity in vitro. MES9 appears to be involved in MeSA hydrolysis in planta. Expression of MES9 can restore systemic acquired resistance in SAR-deficient tobacco plants. This protein does not act on MeGA4, or MEGA9 in vitro.
