ATMPK3 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3)
Encodes a mitogen-activated kinase whose mRNA levels increase in response to touch, cold, salinity stress and chitin oligomers.Also functions in ovule development. Heterozygous MPK3 mutants in a homozygous MPK6 background are female sterile due to defects in integument development. MPK3 can be dephosphorylated by MKP2 in vitro.
The gene encodes a gamma-glutamyltransferase (AKA gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, EC 2.3.2.2) that is located in vascular tissues (predominantly phloem) of leaves and is involved in the degradation of glutathione. The encoded enzyme also mitigates oxidative stress by metabolizing GSSG (oxidized form of GSH - glutathione) in the apoplast.
syntaxin protein, involved in the negative regulation of defense pathways such as programmed cell death, salicylic acid signalling pathway, jasmonic acid signalling pathway
Encodes a protein containing a domain with significant homology to the MACPF (membrane attack complex and perforin) domain of complements and perforin proteins that are involved in innate immunity in animals. Transgenic cad1-1 mutant plants show lesions seen in the hypersensitive response, as well as a spontaneous activation of expression of pathogenesis-related genes and leading to a 32-fold increase in salicylic acid (SA). CAD1 is postulated to act as a negative regulator controlling SA-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity.
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Encodes a MAP kinase induced by pathogens, ethylene biosynthesis, oxidative stress and osmotic stress.Also involved in ovule development. Homozygous mutants in a MPK3 heterozygous background are female sterile due to defects in integument development.
The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.
