Encodes a syntaxin localized at the plasma membrane (SYR1, Syntaxin Related Protein 1, also known as SYP121, PENETRATION1/PEN1). SYR1/PEN1 is a member of the SNARE superfamily proteins. SNARE proteins are involved in cell signaling, vesicle traffic, growth and development. SYR1/PEN1 functions in positioning anchoring of the KAT1 K+ channel protein at the plasma membrane. Transcription is upregulated by abscisic acid, suggesting a role in ABA signaling. Also functions in non-host resistance against barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis sp. hordei. SYR1/PEN1 is a nonessential component of the preinvasive resistance against Colletotrichum fungus. Required for mlo resistance.
ATMPK3 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3)
Encodes a mitogen-activated kinase whose mRNA levels increase in response to touch, cold, salinity stress and chitin oligomers.Also functions in ovule development. Heterozygous MPK3 mutants in a homozygous MPK6 background are female sterile due to defects in integument development. MPK3 can be dephosphorylated by MKP2 in vitro.
encodes a calmodulin-like protein, with six potential calcium binding domains. Calcium binding shown by Ca(2+)-specific shift in electrophoretic mobility. Expression induced by touch and darkness. Expression may also be developmentally controlled. Expression in growing regions of roots, vascular tissue, root/shoot junctions, trichomes, branch points of the shoot, and regions of siliques and flowers.
This gene is predicted to encode a protein involved in negatively regulating salicylic acid-related defense responses and cell death programs. nsl1 mutants develop necrotic lesions spontaneously and show other features of a defense response, such as higher levels of SA and disease resistance-related transcripts, in the absence of a biotic stimulus. The NSL1 protein is predicted to have a MACPF domain, found in proteins that form a transmembrane pore in mammalian immune responses. NSL1 transcript levels do not appear to change in response to biotic stresses, but are elevated by cycloheximide in seedlings, and by sodium chloride in roots.
encodes a protein whose sequence is similar to tobacco hairpin-induced gene (HIN1) and Arabidopsis non-race specific disease resistance gene (NDR1). Expression of this gene is induced by cucumber mosaic virus, spermine and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The gene product is localized to the plasma membrane.
Encodes a protein containing a domain with significant homology to the MACPF (membrane attack complex and perforin) domain of complements and perforin proteins that are involved in innate immunity in animals. Transgenic cad1-1 mutant plants show lesions seen in the hypersensitive response, as well as a spontaneous activation of expression of pathogenesis-related genes and leading to a 32-fold increase in salicylic acid (SA). CAD1 is postulated to act as a negative regulator controlling SA-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity.
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syntaxin protein, involved in the negative regulation of defense pathways such as programmed cell death, salicylic acid signalling pathway, jasmonic acid signalling pathway
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.
Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
