NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase protein D (RbohD).Interacts with AtrbohF gene to fine tune the spatial control of ROI production and hypersensitive response to cell in and around infection site.
Encodes phosphatidate phosphatase. Up-regulated by genotoxic stress (gamma ray or UV-B) and elicitor treatments with mastoparan and harpin. Expressed in roots and leaves.
The gene encodes a gamma-glutamyltransferase (AKA gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, EC 2.3.2.2) that is located in vascular tissues (predominantly phloem) of leaves and is involved in the degradation of glutathione. The encoded enzyme also mitigates oxidative stress by metabolizing GSSG (oxidized form of GSH - glutathione) in the apoplast.
This gene is predicted to encode a protein involved in negatively regulating salicylic acid-related defense responses and cell death programs. nsl1 mutants develop necrotic lesions spontaneously and show other features of a defense response, such as higher levels of SA and disease resistance-related transcripts, in the absence of a biotic stimulus. The NSL1 protein is predicted to have a MACPF domain, found in proteins that form a transmembrane pore in mammalian immune responses. NSL1 transcript levels do not appear to change in response to biotic stresses, but are elevated by cycloheximide in seedlings, and by sodium chloride in roots.
Encodes a protein containing a domain with significant homology to the MACPF (membrane attack complex and perforin) domain of complements and perforin proteins that are involved in innate immunity in animals. Transgenic cad1-1 mutant plants show lesions seen in the hypersensitive response, as well as a spontaneous activation of expression of pathogenesis-related genes and leading to a 32-fold increase in salicylic acid (SA). CAD1 is postulated to act as a negative regulator controlling SA-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity.
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A member of a large family of seven-transmembrane domain proteins specific to plants, homologs of the barley mildew resistance locus o (MLO) protein. The Arabidopsis genome contains 15 genes encoding MLO proteins, with localization in plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four clades of closely-related AtMLO genes. ATMLO6 belongs to the clade IV, with AtMLO2, AtMLO3 and AtMLO12. The gene is expressed during early seedling growth, in root tips and cotyledon vascular system, in floral organs (anthers and stigma), and in fruit abscission zone, as shown by GUS activity patterns. The expression of several phylogenetically closely-related AtMLO genes showed similar or overlapping tissue specificity and analogous responsiveness to external stimuli, suggesting functional redundancy, co-function, or antagonistic function(s).
armadillo/beta-catenin repeat family protein / F-box family protein
ARABIDILLO-1 and its homolog, ARABIDILLO -2, are unique among Arabidopsis Arm-repeat proteins in having an F-box motif and fall into a phylogenetically distinct subgroup from other plant Arm-repeat proteins Similar to arm repeat protein in rice and armadillo/beta-catenin repeat family protein / F-box family protein in Dictyostelium. ARABIDILLO-1 promote lateral root development. Mutant plants form fewer lateral roots, while ARABIDILLO-1-overexpressing lines produce more lateral roots than wild-type seedlings.
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
