Encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor whose activity is required to promote differentiation of stomatal guard cells and to halt proliferative divisions in their immediate precursors. Both transcript and protein are expressed in and are required for halting divisions at the end of the stomatal lineage. It also has a role in the promotion of guard cell fate and in controlling the transition from guard mother cell to guard cell.
Encodes a MAP kinase protein. MPK12 interacts with the IBR5 protein phosphatase in vitro and in vivo, and it can be dephosphorylated and inactivated by IBR5. MPK12 appears to be a negative regulator of auxin signlaing. MPK12 RNAi lines are hypersensitive to auxin in root elongation and transcriptional response assays, but they appear to have normal sensitivity to ABA. MPK12 is a nuclear protein and its kinase activity is increased following auxin treatment. MPK12 transcripts are widely expressed in seedlings, but MPK12 expression is stronger in guard cells than in other cell types in mature plants.
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Encodes a novel component of auxin efflux that is located apically in the basal cell and is involved during embryogenesis in setting up the apical-basal axis in the embryo. It is also involved in pattern specification during root development. In roots, it is expressed at lateral and basal membranes of provascular cells in the meristem and elongation zone, whereas in the columella cells it coincides with the PIN3 domain. Plasma membrane-localized PIN proteins mediate a saturable efflux of auxin. PINs mediate auxin efflux from mammalian and yeast cells without needing additional plant-specific factors. The action of PINs in auxin efflux is distinct from PGPs, rate-limiting, specific to auxins and sensitive to auxin transport inhibitors. PINs are directly involved of in catalyzing cellular auxin efflux.
The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
